Naturalist Notes: Evergreens, Nature’s Winter MVPs
Michigan’s forests are a winter wonderland, thanks to the sturdy evergreens that stay green no matter the season. These needle-clad trees aren’t just for Christmas; they’re a vital part of Michigan’s ecosystems and a joy to spot on a hike. Here’s a fun look at some of the state’s star players in the evergreen lineup.
Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus)
This tall, elegant tree is Michigan’s state tree—and for good reason! The Eastern White Pine can tower over 100 feet and has soft, feathery needles grouped in bundles of five. It’s a favorite for wildlife, providing food for birds like red crossbills and shelter for porcupines. If you see one with its iconic windswept look, it’s probably been braving Michigan’s winter storms for decades.
Northern White Cedar (Thuja occidentalis)
Known as “arborvitae” or “tree of life,” this evergreen is as practical as it is beautiful. Its flat, scaly needles give off a soothing aroma, making it a popular choice for hedges. In the wild, you’ll find it near wetlands, where it supports deer in winter—sometimes a bit too well! If the cedars look nibbled, blame the hungry whitetails.
Red Pine (Pinus resinosa)
With its reddish bark and long, stiff needles, the Red Pine is a rugged beauty. Known as Norway Pine to some locals, it’s an expert at thriving in Michigan’s sandy soils. Lumberjacks loved this tree for its straight trunk, and it remains a forestry favorite today.
Balsam Fir (Abies balsamea)
This fragrant fir is a Christmas classic. Its dark green needles and perfectly shaped silhouette make it a go-to holiday tree. In the wild, balsam firs are heroes of the boreal forest, offering nesting spots for birds like boreal chickadees and shelter for snowshoe hares.
Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis)
Graceful and shade-loving, the Eastern Hemlock thrives in Michigan’s cool, damp forests. Its soft, short needles and delicate cones give it a dainty appearance, but this tree is tough! Hemlocks create cool microclimates, often near streams, making them a favorite of trout and hikers alike.
Spruce Species (Picea spp.)
Michigan boasts Black Spruce and White Spruce, each with a unique vibe. Black Spruce loves the soggy northern bogs, while White Spruce is more of an all-terrain kind of tree. Both have sharp needles and a classic conical shape, perfect for adding a wild charm to the landscape.
Jack Pine (Pinus banksiana)
The Jack Pine is Michigan’s scrappy underdog. This hardy tree thrives in sandy, nutrient-poor soil, where few others can survive. Its short, twisted needles and asymmetrical shape give it a rugged charm, but it’s more than just a tough tree—it’s critical for the endangered Kirtland’s warbler. These rare birds nest only under young Jack Pines, making this scruffy survivor a hero of Michigan’s conservation efforts.
Evergreens aren’t just pretty; they’re critical for Michigan’s wildlife. Birds, squirrels, and even bears use these trees as food sources and winter shelters. Next time you’re out exploring the woods, take a moment to appreciate these green giants—silent guardians of Michigan’s forests through every season.
So, bundle up and go find your favorite evergreen! Whether it’s the towering white pine or the aromatic balsam fir, Michigan’s evergreens are ready to shine all year round.
(All graphics from the Michigan DNR)
